Tutorial Dev C%2b%2b Bahasa Indonesia Pdf
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- C++ Basics
- C++ Object Oriented
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- C++ Advanced
- C++ Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
C++ is a middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. C++ runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. This C++ tutorial adopts a simple and practical approach to describe the concepts of C++ for beginners to advanded software engineers.
Why to Learn C++
C++ is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer. I will list down some of the key advantages of learning C++:
C++ is very close to hardware, so you get a chance to work at a low level which gives you lot of control in terms of memory management, better performance and finally a robust software development. download fifa 17 for mac
C++ programming gives you a clear understanding about Object Oriented Programming. You will understand low level implementation of polymorphism when you will implement virtual tables and virtual table pointers, or dynamic type identification.
C++ is one of the every green programming languages and loved by millions of software developers. If you are a great C++ programmer then you will never sit without work and more importantly you will get highly paid for your work.
C++ is the most widely used programming languages in application and system programming. So you can choose your area of interest of software development.
C++ really teaches you the difference between compiler, linker and loader, different data types, storage classes, variable types their scopes etc.
There are 1000s of good reasons to learn C++ Programming. But one thing for sure, to learn any programming language, not only C++, you just need to code, and code and finally code until you become expert.
Hello World using C++
Just to give you a little excitement about C++ programming, I'm going to give you a small conventional C++ Hello World program, You can try it using Demo link
C++ is a super set of C programming with additional implementation of object-oriented concepts.
There are many C++ compilers available which you can use to compile and run above mentioned program:
Apple C++. Xcode
Bloodshed Dev-C++
Clang C++
Cygwin (GNU C++)
Mentor Graphics
MINGW - 'Minimalist GNU for Windows' Download sai paint tool for android.
GNU CC source
IBM C++
Intel C++
Microsoft Visual C++
Oracle C++
HP C++
It is really impossible to give a complete list of all the available compilers. The C++ world is just too large and too much new is happening.
Applications of C++ Programming
As mentioned before, C++ is one of the most widely used programming languages. It has it's presence in almost every area of software development. I'm going to list few of them here:
Application Software Development - C++ programming has been used in developing almost all the major Operating Systems like Windows, Mac OSX and Linux. Apart from the operating systems, the core part of many browsers like Mozilla Firefox and Chrome have been written using C++. C++ also has been used in developing the most popular database system called MySQL.
Programming Languages Development - C++ has been used extensively in developing new programming languages like C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, UNIX’s C Shell, PHP and Python, and Verilog etc.
Computation Programming - C++ is the best friends of scientists because of fast speed and computational efficiencies.
Games Development - C++ is extremely fast which allows programmers to do procedural programming for CPU intensive functions and provides greater control over hardware, because of which it has been widely used in development of gaming engines.
Embedded System - C++ is being heavily used in developing Medical and Engineering Applications like softwares for MRI machines, high-end CAD/CAM systems etc.
This list goes on, there are various areas where software developers are happily using C++ to provide great softwares. I highly recommend you to learn C++ and contribute great softwares to the community.
Audience
This C++ tutorial has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts related to C++.
Prerequisites
Thermodynamics problems and solutions pdf. Before you start practicing with various types of examples given in this C++ tutorial,we are making an assumption that you are already aware of the basics of computer program and computer programming language.
C++ Standard Library |
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Containers |
C standard library |
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In the C++ programming language, the C++ Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language and part of the C++ ISO Standard itself.[1]
Overview[edit]
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for everyday tasks such as finding the square root of a number. The C++ Standard Library also incorporates most headers of the ISO C standard library ending with '.h', but their use is deprecated.[2] No other headers in the C++ Standard Library end in '.h'. Features of the C++ Standard Library are declared within the std
namespace.
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee.[3][4] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.[citation needed]
A noteworthy feature of the C++ Standard Library is that it not only specifies the syntax and semantics of generic algorithms, but also places requirements on their performance.[5] These performance requirements often correspond to a well-known algorithm, which is expected but not required to be used. In most cases this requires linear time O(n) or linearithmic time O(n log n), but in some cases higher bounds are allowed, such as quasilinear time O(n log2n) for stable sort (to allow in-place merge sort). Previously, sorting was only required to take O(n log n) on average, allowing the use of quicksort, which is fast in practice but has poor worst-case performance, but introsort was introduced to allow both fast average performance and optimal worst-case complexity, and as of C++11, sorting is guaranteed to be at worst linearithmic. In other cases requirements remain laxer, such as selection, which is only required to be linear on average (as in quickselect),[6] not requiring worst-case linear as in introselect.
The C++ Standard Library underwent ISO standardization as part of the C++ ISO Standardization effort, and is undergoing further work[7] regarding standardization of expanded functionality.
Implementations[edit]
Microsoft C++ Standard Library (STL)[edit]
At CppCon 2019 on September 16th, 2019, Microsoft announced releasing their implementation of the C++ Standard Library (also known as the STL) as open source.[8] It is hosted on GitHub and licensed under the Apache License 2.0 with LLVM Exception.[9][10]
Apache C++ Standard Library[edit]
The Apache C++ Standard Library is another open source implementation. It was originally developed commercially by Rogue Wave Software and later donated to the Apache Software Foundation.[11] However, after more than five years without a release, the board of the Apache Software Foundation decided to end this project and move it to Apache Attic.[12]
Standard headers[edit]
The following files contain the declarations of the C++ Standard Library.
Containers[edit]
- <array>
- New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template
std::array
, a container for a fixed sized array. - <bitset>
- Provides the specialized container class
std::bitset
, a bit array. - <deque>
- Provides the container class template
std::deque
, a double-ended queue. - <forward_list>
- New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template
std::forward_list
, a singly linked list. - <list>
- Provides the container class template
std::list
, a doubly linked list. - <map>
- Provides the container class templates
std::map
andstd::multimap
, sorted associative array and multimap. - <queue>
- Provides the container adapter class
std::queue
, a single-ended queue, andstd::priority_queue
, a priority queue. - <set>
- Provides the container class templates
std::set
andstd::multiset
, sorted associative containers or sets. - <stack>
- Provides the container adapter class
std::stack
, a stack. - <unordered_map>
- New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template
std::unordered_map
andstd::unordered_multimap
, hash tables. - <unordered_set>
- New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template
std::unordered_set
andstd::unordered_multiset
. - <vector>
- Provides the container class template
std::vector
, a dynamic array.
General[edit]
- <algorithm>
- Provides definitions of many container algorithms.
- <chrono>
- Provides time elements, such as
std::chrono::duration
,std::chrono::time_point
, and clocks.
- <functional>
- Provides several function objects, designed for use with the standard algorithms.
- <iterator>
- Provides classes and templates for working with iterators.
- <memory>
- Provides facilities for memory management in C++, including the class template
std::unique_ptr
. - <stdexcept>
- Contains standard exception classes such as
std::logic_error
andstd::runtime_error
, both derived fromstd::exception
. - <tuple>
- New in C++11 and TR1. Provides a class template
std::tuple
, a tuple. - <utility>
- Provides the template class
std::pair
, for working with object pairs (two-member tuples), and the namespacestd::rel_ops
, for easier operator overloading.
Localization[edit]
- <locale>
- Defines classes and declares functions that encapsulate and manipulate the information peculiar to a locale.
- <codecvt>
- Provides code conversion facets for various character encodings.
Strings[edit]
- <string>
- Provides the C++ standard string classes and templates.
- <regex>
- New in C++11. Provides utilities for pattern matching strings using regular expressions.
Streams and input/output[edit]
Bahasa Indonesia Adalah
- <fstream>
- Provides facilities for file-based input and output. See fstream.
- <iomanip>
- Provides facilities to manipulate output formatting, such as the base used when formatting integers and the precision of floating point values.
- <ios>
- Provides several types and functions basic to the operation of iostreams.
- <iosfwd>
- Provides forward declarations of several I/O-related class templates.
- <iostream>
- Provides C++ input and output fundamentals. See iostream.
- <istream>
- Provides the template class
std::istream
and other supporting classes for input. - <ostream>
- Provides the template class
std::ostream
and other supporting classes for output. - <sstream>
- Provides the template class
std::stringstream
and other supporting classes for string manipulation. - <streambuf>
- Provides reading and writing functionality to/from certain types of character sequences, such as external files or strings.
Language support[edit]
- <exception>
- Provides several types and functions related to exception handling, including
std::exception
, the base class of all exceptions thrown by the Standard Library. - <limits>
- Provides the template class
std::numeric_limits
, used for describing properties of fundamental numeric types. - <new>
- Provides operators
new
anddelete
and other functions and types composing the fundamentals of C++ memory management. - <typeinfo>
- Provides facilities for working with C++ run-time type information.
Thread support library[edit]
- <thread>
- New in C++11. Provide class and namespace for working with threads.
- <mutex>
- New in C++11. 30.4-1. This section provides mechanisms for mutual exclusion: mutexes, locks, and call once.
- <condition_variable>
- New in C++11. 30.5-1. Condition variables provide synchronization primitives used to block a thread until notified by some other thread that some condition is met or until a system time is reached.
- <future>
- New in C++11. 30.6.1-1. Describes components that a C++ program can use to retrieve in one thread the result (value or exception) from a function that has run in the same thread or another thread.
Numerics library[edit]
Components that C++ programs may use to perform seminumerical operations.
- <complex>
- The header <complex> defines a class template, and numerous functions for representing and manipulating complex numbers.
- <random>
- Facility for generating (pseudo-)random numbers
- <valarray>
- Defines five class templates (valarray, slice_array, gslice_array, mask_array, and indirect_array), two classes (slice and gslice),and a series of related function templates for representing and manipulating arrays of values.
- <numeric>
- Generalized numeric operations.
C standard library[edit]
Bahasa Indonesia Wikipedia
Each header from the C Standard Library is included in the C++ Standard Library under a different name, generated by removing the .h, and adding a 'c' at the start; for example, 'time.h' becomes 'ctime'. The only difference between these headers and the traditional C Standard Library headers is that where possible the functions should be placed into the std:: namespace. In ISO C, functions in the standard library are allowed to be implemented by macros, which is not allowed by ISO C++.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) Programming Languages — C++ §17-27
- ^ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) Programming Languages — C++ §D.5
- ^Bjarne Stroustrup. The Design and Evolution of C++ §8.5. Addison Wesley. ISBN0-201-54330-3.
- ^Alexander Stepanov, Meng Lee (1 August 1994). 'The Standard Template Library'. HP Labs. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^'Generic Algorithms', David Musser
- ^'std::nth_element'. cppreference.com. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^'JTC1/SC22/WG21 - The C++ Standards Committee'. ISO/IEC. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
- ^https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/open-sourcing-msvcs-stl/
- ^https://github.com/microsoft/STL
- ^https://github.com/microsoft/STL/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
- ^Apache C++ Standard Library
- ^Brett Porter (18 July 2013). 'Apache C++ Standard Library and the Attic'. stdcxx-dev mailing list. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
Pengertian Bahasa Indonesia
Further reading[edit]
Tutorial Dev C++ Bahasa Indonesia Pdf Menjadi
- Stroustrup, Bjarne. The C++ Programming Language. Addison-Wesley. ISBN978-0321563842.
- Josuttis, Nicolai. The C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference. Addison-Wesley. ISBN978-0-321-62321-8.
- Van Weert, Peter; Gregoire, Marc. C++ Standard Library Quick Reference. Apress. ISBN978-1484218754.
External links[edit]
- Apache C++ Standard Library Wiki, retired 15 May 2014 (based on Rogue Wave C++ Standard Library 4.1.0)